Programs
November 7, 2024
Course Visits: 2,365
20 Hours
| Introduction: What is Crude Oil? The Process of Refining Crude Oil, Products from Petroleum, History and Development of Refining Processes, Kinds of Refineries, Basic refinery operations |
| Chemical Composition of Petroleum |
| Crude Oil Properties & Classification Methods:
Crude Oil Properties, API Gravity, Carbon Residue, Salt Content, Nitrogen Content, Metals Content, Sulfur Content, Pour Point, Characterization Factors, Distillation Range, Cetane Number, Smoke Point, Reid Vapour Pressure, Classification Methods of Crude Oil, Watson Characterization Factor, Key Fraction, Sulfur Content, Correlation Index, Sweet vs. Sour Crude Oil |
| Distillation Curves
Types of distillation curves: TBP Curve, ASTM Curve, Construction of the TBP & API Curves |
| Benchmark Oils: West Texas Intermediate, Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Minas, Tapis, Russian Export Blend, Bonny Light, Isthmus-34 Light |
| Introduction to Processing: Desalting and Dewatering, Crude desalter, Furnace, what primary disadvantage exists byusing live steam in the CDU columns? Pre-flash column,
Stabilization, Dehydration |
| Introduction to Processing:
Tube still heaters, Types of Stills, Radiant-Absorption Rate, Design of Still Heater, Solved Examples |
| Crude Oil Distillation: Distillation Process, Kinds of Reflux: Cold Reflux, Hot Reflux, Circulating Reflux |
| Vacuum Distillation: Principle of Vacuum Distillation Process, Benefits of Vacuum Distillation Process, Ejectors Unit |
| Treating Processes:
Removal of Acid Gases, Sweetening Processes, Improvement in Performance and Storage Stability |
| Upgrading Processes:
Thermal Cracking, Cooking, Visbreaking |
| Upgrading Processes:
Catalytic Cracking, Hydrocracking, Catalytic Reforming |
| Upgrading Processes:
Alkylation, Isomerization |
| Product Blending:
Blending of Vapor Pressure, Octane Number, Viscosity |
| Product Blending:
Flash Point, Aniline, Point and Pour Point |
| Refinery Wastes: Classification of Refinery Wastes, Air Emission, Wastewater, Residuals, Quantification of Waste Discharge, Typical Waste Types, Waste Minimization, Waste Pretreatment |
